Heavy armour and light armour

anyone give me a difference between these two? i mean it's obvious heaviest withstand more hit and light doesn't but in my case I really don't see a difference idk

if I am to do archery light armour might be good right?

and for your reference i also wield one handed weapons with a magic on left hand or maybe a shield, does shield makes that much of a difference in close combat?

and light armour is okay for close combat?

thanks for any replies✌️ nords